Thursday, October 31, 2019

I need you to read the syllabus first and you choose any topic Essay

I need you to read the syllabus first and you choose any topic - Essay Example Both agricultural and non-agricultural toxic compounds causing bad effects on ecological and human health; however, it is difficult to separate these effects caused from those compounds which are intentionally released by the industries as by-products or waste materials. Nevertheless, there is wide evidence that agricultural use of pesticides has a major impact on water quality and leads to serious environmental and human health problems. Factors affecting toxicity of pesticide in water Many factors of pesticides affect the quality of water causing it more toxic, degrading and lethal 1. Toxicity Concentration of the pesticide which is enough to kill half of the test organisms in a specific test period is termed as lethal dosage (â€Å"Pesticides as Water Pollutants†). The lethal dose is inversely proportional to toxicity. Thus, the lower the lethal dosage is, the higher is the toxicity. Values ranging from 0-10 are considered as extremely toxic. Toxic response can be life thre atening or chronic, causing severe health problems, for instance, cancer, infertility, hormonal imbalance, digestive problem, etc. 2. Persistence Persistence is measured by the half-life of a pesticide. It is very important to find out about the persistency of a pesticide since it gives an idea about how poisonous a pesticide can be. Persistency is inversely proportional to lethality of a pesticide, that is, the more the persistency is, the lesser is the pesticide lethal (â€Å"Pesticides as Water Pollutants†). 3. Degradation The eroding of pesticides into other products can lead to many other problems. The newly formed by-products can have different persistency, and lethality that can totally change the surrounding in which they are present. One of the examples is DDT. When it is degraded, it forms other substance (DDD and DDE) which have totally different persistency and risks. Chronology of pesticide development The impact on water pollution is related mainly to the active ingredient present in the pesticide formulation. However, additives that are used to prepare the final formulation that include wetting agents, diluents, solvents, buffers, emulsifiers, preservatives and adhesives can be the cause of water contamination. Other than the agents used for the preparation of pesticides, degrades and the by-products formed during its usage can also contaminate water and lead to water pollution. Below are the details in chronological order of various pesticides, their sources and characteristics that have been used for many years and led to water pollutions. From 1800 to 1920 In the early period, the most useful pesticides were petroleum oils, nitro-phenols, naphthalene, chlorophenols, and creosote. These products were non-specific in nature, thus causing toxicity in targeted as well as non-targeted organisms. The source of these compounds was either laboratory preparation or by-products of coal gas productions. From 1945 to 1970 Many products that were u sed during this period were organically synthesized. Pesticides like chlorinated organic, chlorinated cyclodienes, HCCH, and DDT were persistent in nature and had a wide range of selectivity among different organisms whereas pesticides like organophosphorus compounds, carbamates, and cholinesterase inhibitors had lower resistance and caused not only user toxicity but serious water contaminatio

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Role of the Researcher and Participants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role of the Researcher and Participants - Essay Example Since this research employs in-depth interviewing, the researcher has to conduct the interviews and administer questionnaires, while ensuring that the information gathered is relevant and is of high quality. In this research, the researcher will serve as the human instrument; therefore, will be charged with asking probing questions, listening, and getting into the deeper levels of the interviews with participants (Hammersley, 2010). Before data collection, it is the role of the researcher to choose the research population, including the criteria for selection, as well as the methodology for the research. In this research therefore, the researcher based the criterion for selection of participants on the aspect of their experience in international negotiations. Therefore, the researcher has the role of ensuring that only those individuals meeting the criteria for selection participate in the research. This will be essential in ensuring that the data collected is relevant to the researc h topic, and is of high quality, as the right participants will have the capability of providing valid and important insights into the research topic. Another important role of the researcher during the research process is to ensure positive relationship with the participants, including the employees of the organizations from which some of the data will be drawn. It is of great importance for the researcher to ensure that the response from participants is positive. This can mainly be achieved by ensuring that the relationship between the researcher and participants is positive. Through this, the participants will have a positive attitude toward the researcher, and will be obliged to cooperate with the... Role of the Researcher and Participants The researcher and the participants are core to any research process. These have different roles they play, which are important in ensuring the successful completion of the research process. This paper focuses on my role as a researcher, including ways that I will adopt to ensure a good relationship with the participants and employees, with whom I will interact during the research process. The intended research on Indian negotiation styles is qualitative in nature, and is also a phenomenological study. In-depth interviews with specific participants and questionnaires will be employed, in order to obtain their perceptions on negotiations in India. Furthermore, the participants in this study include business managers, who have experience in negotiations in India. On the other hand, the researcher is a trained individual in the field of Business Management and International Business, and is currently fulfilling the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration. This b rief background about the research, the researcher, and the research participants is essential, as it helps in determining the contexts and roles of participants and the researcher in the research process. Committed participants will keep time during interviews and will exhibit a high interest in the research. If the researcher and participants play their different roles in a diligent manner, it is no doubt that quality data will be collected, and the research will be successful.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Bio-Medical Model of Health: History, Overview and Analysis

Bio-Medical Model of Health: History, Overview and Analysis INTRODUCTION Efficient, cost effective and patient centred care matching the needs of a complex, rapid changing health care industry is important as it undergoes a complete reconstruction. Keeping in mind its intricate nature, it is imperative that collaboration occurs in all stages of the planning process to ensure a smooth transition. The sheer volume of changes can be overwhelming, however nurses need to seek the window of opportunity and develop a new set of skills or utilize existing skills focusing on flexibility and adaptability to create new career pathways that can move nursing in a direction that has not been seen before. What is paramount in this equation however is the need to use knowledge from our past, building on its foundations to ensure sustainability. This literature review is based on discussing the Bio-Medical Model beginning with a historical perspective, synthesizing components within, leading to events which have driven the need for major changes in the health structure, design, process and delivery of health care. By reflecting on the past we can gain an understanding on economic, cultural, political and social influences that have helped shape our health climate and the way we work. This will enable us to gain knowledge and apply this to our future using a well grounded approach. Throughout history there have been many leaders who have contributed to shaping the Bio-Medical Model of Health and Illness which is the dominant model used in Medicine within the Western World, and is over centuries old. Rene Descartes in the 1700s recognized the mind and body were separate entities hence today there are different practitioners treating them, each with their own set of literature and research. (Cannon,R. 2014). ( Maher, n.d) argues that the mind and body are inextricably bound and there is no division between them. Alternatively some of the Eastern traditions work on the philosophy that the mind, body and all existential matter work together like a well oiled machine.(Large, E 1996). Many other people helped lay the foundations of the Bio-medical model of Health and illness for instance Louis Pasteur recognised that diseases are spread by bacteria and could be killed through sterilisation with Koch building on this concept by discovering that certain bacteria caused a particular type of disease. Joseph Lister played his part in medical science discovering that germs had the potential to cause illness and death. John Dalton stated that matter was made up of atoms which set up further research in physics.(Liang et al; 2006). These are just a few areas which operated under the umbrella of biomedical model of Health and Illness. The Biomedical Model is based on science and focuses on health as being devoid of disease. Science usually uses a system of enquiry which occurs through observation, experimentation, collecting data, hypothesizing and predicting resulting in a conclusion. Progress in science does not demonstrate allegiance to open interpretation rather favours accuracy and predictability. The main function of health services is to cure the sick and disabled working under a physiological framework. (Greenhill, 2008). Illness creates a physical change in the body due to chemical imbalances, viruses, bacteria, or genetic causes. (â€Å"Introduction to Health Psychology†. n.d.). Working within the Biomedical framework, the relationship between health and illness is confirmed whereby a person is considered to be either ill or healthy and there are no grey areas in between. Recognition of Patterns of illness is derived from signs and symptoms provided by patients assisting doctors in constructing a medical history in which further investigation can occur. Obtaining pathology is one method which guided doctors in enabling some form of treatment to be implemented. The patient is then expected to recover and therefore they are cured. (McGraw,n.d.). The social constructs of medicine under the Bio-medical model has been one where the doctor is a person who holds the knowledge, is competent in nature and ultimately the gatekeeper. They have been held in high esteem by the public due to their professional standing. This belief system was strengthened by the fact that the doctor held the power, was trusted and ultimately had the monopoly in health services which were self regulated. It was he who treated the illness. (Crinson, I 2014). During the 19th Century through regulating the profession, power was given to doctors to self regulate and the ability to regulate other health disciplines occurred so that they would exercise domination within the health service. Adams,T 2013). Using Parsons Systems model with its roots embedded in biomedicine, illness is considered to of course being undesirable with the ill individual,who must take on that persona and seek help accordingly, co-operating with directives from a health professional. Based on Parson’s theory no onus occurs on behalf of the individual in relation to health ownership, resulting in people when ill have the right to withdraw from their social responsibilities such as attending school or work. (Parsons, 2011). This type of belief system is somewhat contradictory in terms where in some cultural contexts however, individuals are made to feel responsible for their medical conditions and often ridiculed such as those that smoke and those that consume large amounts of alcohol, while others in comparison are made to feel blameless. (Lupton, 2012). Philosophy has influenced and transfigured meta-physical medicine into scientific medicine. The philosophical changes focus on knowledge drawn through observation, and experiences and therefore knowledge is based on facts, evidence and research (empiricism) (Thomas, 2014). Secularism progressed with the shift of dominance of religious and spiritual influence in health and physical reductionism which involved dissecting and interpreting complex processes into small parts resulting in a broader understanding of illness.( Beresford, 2010). Doctors are seen to make judgments on who is ill and who is not.( Ekobi, 2013). Conditions of a person are evaluated rather than the impact a condition has on them. (Leimkuehler, 2005). Alterations within the body are defined, measured and isolated. Patients often take a passive role in the Doctor/Nurse relationship. The doctor is an authoritative figure who gives an order or suggestion and the patient obeys. (Darkins Cary, 2000). Treatment of illness occurs from an outside intervention directed and controlled usually by the doctor either physically such as through surgery or chemically using medication. (Vallis McHugh 2011 The psychological, social, behavioural and environmental aspects are not usually given much emphasis in treatment of patients for practitioners working under the auspices of the biomedical model. Difficulties occur when explaining chronic pain and underlying pathophysiology is examined in isolation, making it difficult to explain why treatments fail. (Lewis 2014). Literature from many sources have outlined the increase in costs, nursing recruitment and retention problems, aged population, technological advances and a more informed society have all contributed to the medical model of practice that no longer meets people’s health needs both on an individual level and globally. The biopsychosocial supports the view that illness culminates from one or a number of causes such as biological, psychological or environmental issues. (Waddell G Aylward 2010). Albelson et al supports this and identifies causative factors such as age, genetic makeup, social support, social role in society, level of income and many other internal and external elements, which necessitates promotion of initiatives within health policies and management. The social model is not designed as a substitute for the biomedical model but it is there to complement it. (Germov,J 2013). A qualitative study executed in Canada investigated whether or not population health was integrated, as a focus for future plans within their health programmes. Results demonstrated that although there was inclusion within their policies, however leaders in the health field acknowledged the need to develop flexible frameworks, and they emphasized the importance of sharing a large body of knowledge that could be adapted across different contexts. Evidence based practice has been used within the biomedical model of health, and is important in justifying and being accountable for your work. Your ideals and values within the framework and model that underpins your work culture guides your practice and therefore this will dictate how you would answer the question â€Å"What is health promotion?† One may answer by helping people cope with their social environment, or maybe to look at how their environment can work to their advantage or by reviewing the medical treatment given which would provide optimum results. (Raphael, 2000). For a smooth transition from one paradigm to another, requires people to be engaged in the change process by enhancing their abilities and willingness to become active rather than proactive in their health. Research has shown that by adopting the following principles this will be beneficial to all concerned. Importance should be highlighted in involving all parties in the decision making process from contributing to the healthcare design, and delivery to the point of evaluation. Encouraging willing participants to promote patient centred care through advocacy, optimises policy development. Targeting resources to those that are most vulnerable reduce inequalities in health care is valuable in making positive changes. (Self Management Alliance, 2010). How you envisage healthcare in the very near future hopefully will be a system run by efficient knowledgeable staff who delivers quality, patient centred care in a timely fashion. A system which focuses on prevention and embracing a holistic approach in easily accessible, user friendly settings, staff will promote empowerment so that people can take back some control over health practices whilst making informed choices with the aim of addressing the who, where, what and why principles when it comes to all that affects ones health. Working as one close unit together as individuals, family, friends, and community and globally will go a long way in the improving health for all. CONCLUSION Medicine is no longer a static process with predictable ways of measuring all health outcomes .Riding the journey and embracing change both in the health industry and that of society which is subjected to internal and external forces, through reflection the ride can be made smoother by our history can set the climate for open discussion and effective communication so that we can reproduce the conceptual dimensions which worked to our advantage, and bypass the rest. What is abundantly clear is the need for nurses to learn the importance of having their voice heard through joint decision making processes and move on from a culture that in the past has subtly led nurses to being second cousins to other professions. It should be noted that with such complexities of an everychanging world is medicine requiring a change in health paradigm there is no one panacea within this context. When it comes to designing the perfect health care system we can’t just leave it up to serendipity. Just something for us to ponder over is Christiaan Barnards words which are as follows: I dont believe medical discoveries are doing much to advance human life. As fast as we create ways to extend it we are inventing ways to shorten it. Christiaan Barnard

Friday, October 25, 2019

College or University Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commence

Hello, good morning and welcome to graduation for the class of 2012. I have waited to hear those words for 5 years - and by the looks on all of my fellow graduates faces, I am not alone. Think with me for a minute about the process we have gone through which has gathered us here today. Our stories of these past years are not much different. Whether you went to a community college, transferred here from another four-year school or started your freshman year in the dorms near the entrance of this campus, we are finally finishing together. My brother asked me how I was able to finish college. I told him it is because I enjoy learning and I always finish. No matter if I unplug my computer and lose all my work, I stay up until I finish. In my opinion the joy of learning and the gift of finishing are not things we learn in college. These are skills we bring with us and apply to our studies. And no matter where or how you learn them, you never forget them. I can credit my mom for giving me the joy of learning. I spent my first five years of life growing up in a small town called Plain. Given the name of Plain I’m sure I don’t have to waste your time explaining the ins and outs of this small community. The one colorful part about Plain was the people who lived there. Being that an elementary school was so far away, the community set up a home school system and my mom was one of the teachers. Having my mom as a teacher in kindergarten was like having recess all day long. However, she could always get me involved using her amazing imagination. When our family had to move to North Fork, Colorado to follow my dad’s job, my mother continued to teach me as well as my brother Andy. Her creativity never stopped... ...sh a job, I am a college graduate and will now work smarter. As a speaker at our graduation I am supposed to represent all of the graduating class from State University but I don’t see the relevancy in that. I am only one story in this diverse group of experiences. However, we were all achievers growing up, we have been a success in college and we will be the difference in the future and that is something I am proud to represent. Allow me to speak for all of us when I say thank you to this school for giving us our college experiences, to the teachers in our departments for opening our minds to the world and to all those who have shaped our lives up until this point giving us the drive to learn and the ability to finish this monumental goal. We will make it up to each and everyone of you in the future with our positive influence on the world. Thank you†¦

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Understanding of Poverty in Ireland Today

What is your understanding of poverty in Ireland today? What would you identify as possible responces? My understanding of poverty in Ireland today is that it is multifaceted and covers a range of social issues such as lack of education, social exclusion and marginalisation. In the main body of this essay I will discuss my understanding of poverty and put forward sever al responses to these issues. I will examine how people with physical disabilities and mental health problems, one parent families, the unemployed and members of the travelling community are more susceptible to poverty.Firstly I’d like to define the two main types of poverty in Ireland today which are as follows. Consistent poverty and secondly Relative poverty/at risk of poverty. People in consistent poverty have a combination of relative income poverty with relative deprivation. This means having an income below 60% of the median and also experiencing enforced deprivation. This means being on a low income and not being able to aff ord basic necessities such as new clothes, not having the money to buy food such as meat or fish, not being able to heat your home, or having to go into debt to pay ordinary household bills.Approximately 5% of people in Ireland fit into this category. People in Relative poverty. This means having an income that is below 60% of the median income (the median is the mid-point on the scale of incomes in Ireland). In 2010, that was an income of below â‚ ¬207. 57 a week for an adult. Whilst people who fall into this category may be able to pay their rent they may not be able to cover the costs of utility bills or perhaps not be able to afford to go out for a meal once a month or to participate socially.Approximately 15% of people in Ireland fall into this category. According to the Combat Poverty Agency the people most at risk from poverty in the following order are lone parents, the unemployed, people with disabilities or mental health problems, children and the elderly. The effects of poverty in Ireland include social exclusion from normal activities leading to alienation preventing them from developing their skills and talents , lack of access to mainstream financial services which in some cases will lead to people using illegal mone y lenders who charge igher interest rates which in turn puts them in more debt, long term effects on their mental health leading in some cases to depression due to their lack of a sense of self worth or belonging and physical health problems due to bad nutrition, inability to gain well paid jobs, and in the case of children, bullying at school which in turn may cause depression or suicide or that they may drop out of school early. Lone parents are 3 times more likely to be in poverty than the rest of society as a result of expensive childcare and lower levels of education which leads in turn to low paid work.They find it extremely difficult to access adequate childcare which in turn means they are unable to f urther their education. Also the financial cost of transition from social welfare to employment inhibits them. They would lose their medical card which is a big issue for any parent who then cannot afford private healthcare on a low wage. They are thus socially excluded. People with physical disabilities have no way to improve the quality of their lives. They may not be able to work at all and must exist on a small sum given to them by the social welfare department. They also require home help just to do menial tasks.In many cases they rely on a parent or other family member for this support which also puts the carer in a position where they can not work enough hours if any at all to earn a wage that would be considered adequate. This in turn leads to the carer becoming at risk of falling into poverty. These people are among the most vulnerable people in society and are stuck in a poverty trap. They are excluded socially not only because of their physical limitations but also becaus e they cannot afford to do many things other people take for grante d. I personally believe that cutting the payments they receive is a cruel and inhumane thing to do.If we do not stand up for the weakest people in our society then what does that say about us. People with mental health problems are also stuck in a similar situation to people with physical disabilities. They survive on a meagre social welfare payment with no chance of employment or improving the quality of their lives. Again these people are stuck in a poverty trap and are among the most vulnerable people in society. These people are also socially excluded from many activities other people take for granted which in turn can lead to exacerbation of their mental health problems.People who are unemployed live on social welfare payments. Unlike people with disabilities or mental health problems they do have the ability to work and would much prefer to be working where possible. There are some government funded initiative s to help people in this category to up skill but unfortunately there are still not enough jobs to go around. People in this category may have a mortgage and/or children to support therefore they are at greater risk of falling into poverty. Members of the travelling community suffer from poverty in a few ways.Firstly they are stigmatized by the rest of society and find it difficult to secure employment because of bias and also because of the fact that they are moving from place to place. Many of the children in this community leave school early thus leaving them with a lack of education and furthering their risk of poverty. They also suffer from a higher rate of mortality than members of the settled community. The children are often bullied in school because they are seen as different and therefore find it harder to settle into life at school.My responses to the above mentioned issues would be as follows: Tackling any problem involves finding the root of the problem and working from that point forwards therefore I believe that early intervention would be a key strategy to alleviate some of these problems. The children today will become the parents of tomorrow so I think that targeting children in schools with programmes designed to raise awareness of the social issues involved in poverty and to try and educate them to think in a more sociological way would benefit not only them as individuals but society as a whole.Putting in place more effective support networks with more government funding for people who are struggling may help to stop people moving from relative poverty to consistent poverty. For people in consistent poverty I think that they need to be helped by directly giving them as much aid as we can give and more importantly try to give them opportunities to help themselves. Nobody wants to have to beg , most would prefer to be g iven an opportunity to make their situation better. Raising awareness in the general community would help also.Realising th at there are many complicated reasons why people end up in poverty and that they are not just a bunch of lazy drop outs would help us to empatise with them more. Also I believe that government policy should be studied in a manner that makes sure that it does not contribute to the creation of poverty. Conclusion: I have discussed in the above paragraphs my understanding of poverty in Ireland today. In the previous paragraphs I have talked about some of the different groups of people who are affected by poverty and also the effects it has upon them.I have also outlined a few responses to these problems. Overall my understanding of poverty leads me to conclude that poverty has been around and will continue to be an issue into the future despite the good work that government and many other agencies do as it is a complex issue with no easy solutions. Furthermore in my understanding it is the way our society is organised under the capitalist framework that also contributes to this problem . We are living in a society today where the gap between the rich and poor is increasing. This is in part caused by the mechanisms of the Capitalist economy.Capitalism tends to push people towards poverty through seeking to pay the lowest possible wage to an employee in return for a higher profit margin. They will also close a factory and relocate it to a different country where the labour rates are even l ower as it is more profitable to do so rather than keep the workers in Ireland employed. In a capitalist system property rights take priority over human needs. For example there are many empty houses in the so called ghost estates in Ireland and also many homeless people but the people who own these buildings have no intention of letting the homeless make use of the buildings.This is perfectly legal in our society. Poverty also benefits capitalism because it means that there will be many who in desperation will settle for any job no matter how little the wage. Therefore poverty st ems from the way that capitalism works. I believe that we need to look at changing the system of government to share more equally the benefits of our labours. We must ask ourselves is this acceptable in our modern society with the high moral standards we expect of each other.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

How Far Was the Provisional Government Responsible?

S13hsm 2 Joe Pendlebury How far was the Provisional Government responsible for its own downfall? There are many factors which were responsible for the Provisional government’s downfall. Some are more important than others because they had more impact on the downfall. The War, the distribution of land and the people in the provisional government all contributed to the downfall of the provisional government. They each had different amounts of impact. The Provisional Government had a programme initially designed to create a better Russia.The main aims of this government were to abolish Tsarist governors and hold elections based on a universal adult franchise. However, the members that made up the provisional government were from the Duma of masters, priests, and lackeys. This meant that, because of the weighted elections, it was not representative of the population, and therefore lacked legitimacy. They had little support from the working class because it was dominated by the Lib erals; members of the elite.The government also lacked control because of the dual authority with the Petrograd Soviet, who issued the Soviet Order Number One which directly challenged the Provisional Government. All ideas had to be agreed by the Petrograd Soviet, specifically to do with the military. In the Second Provisional government (the first coalition), the composition had become more left-wing, with Kerensky (a social Revolutionary) as president. Although this could be argued that this would have happened naturally, because the majority of the population were peasants, it definitely contributed to the downfall of the Provisional Government.The decision to stay in the war was largely responsible for the Provisional Governments downfall. Arguably they were restricted and had to stay in the war, due to having to keep strong relations with Britain and France that funding was continued, and making sure Russia was defended. However this caused huge shortages in coal and food which led to unemployment and discontent. Furthermore after deciding to lead a defensive war, the Brusilov offensive occurred in June. This was an offensive attack launched against Austria-Hungry. Due to this loss, many men died.This resulted in wide spread desertion, which increased when the Bolsheviks encouraged men to stop fighting. Following the desertions and the failure, this caused mass uprising and seizure of land in the countryside. This was the PG’s downfall as they lost the support of the largest social group in Russia. The land issue was a key feature in the downfall of the provisional government. Their decision to defer solving this problem until a constitutional assembly had been elected this left the peasants extremely dissatisfied and they continued to seize land.The provisional government’s hands were tied because they did not have a loyal military force to send in and stop the peasants taking land. This was worsened by the fact that most of the soldiers se nt to disrupt this from happening were peasant conscripts who also took land for themselves. A further problem was desertion from the front as more peasants went back to secure land for them before it was too late. Due to so much land being procured by the peasants farming and crops took a back seat, eventually creating food shortages creating even more pressure upon the provisional government to do something about the land situation.However they didn’t, creating more hatred towards them making revolution more of a threat. The Bolsheviks were responsible for the provisional Governments own downfall to a small extent. For example during the Kornilov affair, the provisional government were left with little other choice than trusting and arming the Bolsheviks. This decision contributes to their downfall as the Bolsheviks had hidden ulterior motives (they intended to use their government funded arms to overthrow the government itself in the future. However, the Bolsheviks did oth er things that were out of the governments control and that lead to its downfall.This includes the growing influence they gained within the Soviets of Russia. This was created by volunteering themselves for the unpopular jobs that nobody else wanted to do, this gave them a disproportionate influence meaning there influence was greater than their numbers and audience would have suggested. There influence was also helped by the irregular attendance of other parties. Because of the way the soviet system was set up and the lack of control this gave the provisional government, they had little control over what the Bolsheviks did.And even though the government helped them by rewarding them with the â€Å"Red Guard† this was only the final straw of an uprising they could not stop. Overall I think the government was responsible for its own downfall considering the decisions and actions it took. They decided to stay in the war and change their plan. They did have to stay in the war du e to many reasons but it was their choice. But also they made an agreement with the Petrograd Soviet so they actually didn't actually have much power so it is really the provisional governments own fault for there downfall.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Andy Kaufman essays

Andy Kaufman essays Like a lot of people I didnt realize who in the world Andy Kaufman was till I saw the movie Man on the Moon. This movie really cracked me up and also made really cry and think about life like no other. It also led me to ask who in the world is this guy Andy Kaufman? I began doing research on Andy Kaufman and believe it or not I actually read a book called Andy Kaufman Reveled by Bob Zmuda . The book told just about everything about Andy Kaufman you ever wanted to know. It pretty much finally gave you an idea of what Kaufman was all about. There was no idea of what he was about. In fact he had to be the most unpredictable person possibly ever. You had absolutely no idea of what he was going to do next and that is what people loved and hated about him. Kaufman didnt want to be known as a comedian because he felt he would have to make the audience laugh every time he went out there. Kaufman didnt want to do that because he would get bored with that so he called himself a song and dance man. Kaufman would go out there and sometimes make the audience laugh, sometimes he would make them boo him from bombing like no other and he would also make them very confused at times with them asking Is this guy for real. His most famous act is where he really started making his name. He would go on stage starting out as his legendary foreign man. Making lame jokes that was not even mildly amusing so then the crowd would start to boo. Then Kaufman would say in his foreign voice okay I would now like to imitate Mr. Elvis Presley and the crowd would boo some more till he put the music on. Then all of a sudden this shy unfunny foreign man turned into Elvis Presley and this was probably the greatest Elvis Presley imitation you could find and in about in a span of 1 second those boos turned into cheers and laughter. Then at the end of this act he would the classic Thank you thank very much, ...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Lusitania essays

Lusitania essays World War One was well underway in 1915. France, Russia and Britain, also known as the allies were fighting Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. The United States was staying neutral at this time. The war was at a turning point because both sides were even on land, so sea warfare was becoming more and more popular. U-boats were introduced during this time. On February 15, 1915 Germany said that any boat entering the war zone would be immediately torpedoed and sunk by their U-boats. The Lusitania was built because of a strong rivalry between Germany and Britain about who could create the fastest and most luxurious ocean liner. The building of the Lusitania started in September of 1904 and was completed on June 7, 1906. About 200,000 people came to see her first departure on September 7, 1907. The Lusitania was 785 feet long and weighed 31,550 metric tons. The Lusitania was the largest ship on the seas. It was created as a luxurious ocean liner that carried people and goods between the United States and England. The Lusitania was very popular because of her speed and luxurious accommodations. It had seven decks. Her passengers called her a floating palace. It was considered the finest ship on the seas. A one-way trip on the Lusitania costs about $4,000. The Lusitania was given the Blue Ribbon for crossing the Atlantic in the least amount of time. In January of 1915 Captain William Turner was taking the Lusitania to Queenstown when a German Sub stopped them and was going to bomb them. The captain raised the American flag and because the United States was still neutral, the Germans refused to torpedo the ship. Soon after German policy changed, they were told to take down any ship in their war zone. The Germans put warnings saying, Travelers sailing in the war zone on ships of Great Britain...do so at their own risk., on all Lusitania advertisements saying that any ship travelin...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Belonging to Culture

This statement is also shown in the related text ‘Integrated’ by Sylvia Kantaris. In the film, various techniques are used such as long shots, full shots and panning. In the related text the techniques used are a metaphor, listing, contrast and emotive words. In the film ‘Bend It Like Beckham’ the engagement scene starts off with a long shot of the outside of Jessminder’s house. The house is decorated with lights and lighting is a technique used to make the house stand out. After that there is a high angle/close up shot of the food. The foods are colourful and bright. Bright colours are festive and symbolises happy occasions. Costume is another technique. Everyone is wearing the same sort of clothing and they are colourful. This shows that they belong to the Indian culture. The full/long shot of the room and the people sitting next to each other shows sense of belonging to their culture. This scene also explores gender roles. The males were sitting down, eating and talking to others whilst Jess was walking around offering food to the guests. A woman tells Jess â€Å"it will be your turn soon. † This means that she is expected to marry an Indian man just like every other Indian woman. These values and traditions are aspects of their Sikh Indian culture and Jess is expected to follow them. People feel a strong sense of belonging to their culture. We also see this in the pre-wedding preparation scene. In this scene we see everyone sitting together again. Gender roles are explored in this scene as well. All the women are sitting next to each other around a table making samosas. A full shot is a technique used in this scene. This shows belonging to their culture because they are all celebrating harmoniously. There are alternations used between the Indian and British culture to show contrast between the two cultures. There is an overhead shot of the Bhamra’s backyard and their neighbours backyard. The Bhamra’s backyard is colourful, active and bright while their neighbours backyard is quiet, dull and empty. There are alternations used between Jess preparing for the wedding and her team training for the finals. This shows that she is caught between two cultures. Music is a technique used. The music is sad and so is Jess. Her facial expressions show us that she is not interested in what’s going on around her. She takes down her David Beckham poster and this shows that she is giving up on soccer. People feel a strong belonging to their culture however some people can feel caught between two cultures. Another text that that shows people feel a strong sense of belonging to their culture is the poem ‘Integrated’ by Sylvia Kantaris. This poem is about a Greek woman who moves into Australia but does not want to integrate. The metaphor â€Å"she brought her country with her in packing cases† tells us that she has brought ornaments of her country with her because she feels strongly about her culture. She does not want to integrate because she is scared of losing her own culture. At her home in Australia, she listens to Greek music, speaks Greek with her granddaughter and this shows she feels strongly about her culture. Another technique used in this poem is listing. First there is a listing of all the Greek items and then there is a listing of Australian items. This shows contrast between two cultures. Her granddaughter listens to western music, speaks English and eats Australian food. â€Å"Her grandchild†¦has eaten corned-beef, cornflakes†¦another tongue, her future. † This quote tells us her granddaughter has found it quite easy to integrate whereas â€Å"the land gave way, she arranged it to her liking,† shows the grandmother got her way. The use of emotive words such as â€Å"fierce† and â€Å"confrontation† shows that there was a battle between the grandmother and her new environment and she won because she did not integrate. Australia is more malleable than she,† tell us Australia was manipulated because the grandmother did not give up. She kept to her culture. Not only do people feel a strong sense of belonging to their culture but they can experience cultural clash. In conclusion people feel a strong sense of belonging to their culture. This is seen in the film ‘Bend It Like Beckham ’ and the poem ‘Integrated. ’ Both of these texts show us people feel strongly about their culture. However they also show us that cultural clashes can arise as well when people feel trapped between two cultures. Belonging to Culture This statement is also shown in the related text ‘Integrated’ by Sylvia Kantaris. In the film, various techniques are used such as long shots, full shots and panning. In the related text the techniques used are a metaphor, listing, contrast and emotive words. In the film ‘Bend It Like Beckham’ the engagement scene starts off with a long shot of the outside of Jessminder’s house. The house is decorated with lights and lighting is a technique used to make the house stand out. After that there is a high angle/close up shot of the food. The foods are colourful and bright. Bright colours are festive and symbolises happy occasions. Costume is another technique. Everyone is wearing the same sort of clothing and they are colourful. This shows that they belong to the Indian culture. The full/long shot of the room and the people sitting next to each other shows sense of belonging to their culture. This scene also explores gender roles. The males were sitting down, eating and talking to others whilst Jess was walking around offering food to the guests. A woman tells Jess â€Å"it will be your turn soon. † This means that she is expected to marry an Indian man just like every other Indian woman. These values and traditions are aspects of their Sikh Indian culture and Jess is expected to follow them. People feel a strong sense of belonging to their culture. We also see this in the pre-wedding preparation scene. In this scene we see everyone sitting together again. Gender roles are explored in this scene as well. All the women are sitting next to each other around a table making samosas. A full shot is a technique used in this scene. This shows belonging to their culture because they are all celebrating harmoniously. There are alternations used between the Indian and British culture to show contrast between the two cultures. There is an overhead shot of the Bhamra’s backyard and their neighbours backyard. The Bhamra’s backyard is colourful, active and bright while their neighbours backyard is quiet, dull and empty. There are alternations used between Jess preparing for the wedding and her team training for the finals. This shows that she is caught between two cultures. Music is a technique used. The music is sad and so is Jess. Her facial expressions show us that she is not interested in what’s going on around her. She takes down her David Beckham poster and this shows that she is giving up on soccer. People feel a strong belonging to their culture however some people can feel caught between two cultures. Another text that that shows people feel a strong sense of belonging to their culture is the poem ‘Integrated’ by Sylvia Kantaris. This poem is about a Greek woman who moves into Australia but does not want to integrate. The metaphor â€Å"she brought her country with her in packing cases† tells us that she has brought ornaments of her country with her because she feels strongly about her culture. She does not want to integrate because she is scared of losing her own culture. At her home in Australia, she listens to Greek music, speaks Greek with her granddaughter and this shows she feels strongly about her culture. Another technique used in this poem is listing. First there is a listing of all the Greek items and then there is a listing of Australian items. This shows contrast between two cultures. Her granddaughter listens to western music, speaks English and eats Australian food. â€Å"Her grandchild†¦has eaten corned-beef, cornflakes†¦another tongue, her future. † This quote tells us her granddaughter has found it quite easy to integrate whereas â€Å"the land gave way, she arranged it to her liking,† shows the grandmother got her way. The use of emotive words such as â€Å"fierce† and â€Å"confrontation† shows that there was a battle between the grandmother and her new environment and she won because she did not integrate. Australia is more malleable than she,† tell us Australia was manipulated because the grandmother did not give up. She kept to her culture. Not only do people feel a strong sense of belonging to their culture but they can experience cultural clash. In conclusion people feel a strong sense of belonging to their culture. This is seen in the film ‘Bend It Like Beckham ’ and the poem ‘Integrated. ’ Both of these texts show us people feel strongly about their culture. However they also show us that cultural clashes can arise as well when people feel trapped between two cultures.

Friday, October 18, 2019

Business Management Theories Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Management Theories - Article Example This text offers a comparative analysis of various management theories their inherent influences. The articles note that there are critical management flaws that have that have been experienced over the years. For instance, the ideological tendencies that are taught and the subsequent theories that have been developed do not align with the dynamics experienced in the field. The intrinsic roles of managers cannot be over emphasized. Managers have a sole responsibility to take care of the firms and furthering moral tenets as appropriate. While the managers take up their responsibilities as aligned, there is increased concern on the moral obligations. Organizations vary from one end to the other, and the application of management ideas is intrinsically different (Ghoshal 2005, p.75). The status of managers has significantly reduced, and there are sustained efforts to redefine the role of managers and their importance. Theories and various research studies are critical in determining the extent to which managers operate at various management levels. The fixed structures that exist limit the capacity of the managers to operate as appropriate. Various management practices are enhanced from the various theories that have been produced over time. Theories and studies are critical in guiding managers on how they should conduct business and enhance operations while doing business. The relationship between managers and workers in of the essence. Workers are more concerned with the social issues and democratic space over which they can air their views than strict entities that do not provide such tendencies (Carey 1977, p.33). The limitations that exist in establishing proper management practices, including management of workers is significantly altered by the various scientific thoughts and studies. Scientific models or theories developed as guiding principles of management do not

Project management-Scenario Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project management-Scenario Assignment - Essay Example Measure of the extent to which a company’s benefits are achieved is known as value and this should be at optimum cost. As a manager of the battery manufacturing company, Bart Erry Ltd, I would employ risk management and assessment for evaluation of risks in order to take remedial actions in line with achieving these benefits and minimising loss of value to hazards and uncertainties. Risk profile is a defined set of risks that an organization is exposed to and describes when a risk should be considered acceptable as well as how the risk is affecting decisions of the organization and corporate strategy (Woodhead, 2001)1. Risk profiling involves outlining the risks according to priority and can be developed during risk analysis and used for the management of these risks. It enables the company to measure the likelihood of the threats occurring and the extent of disruption that can be caused by each type of risk. Profiling hence involves identification and quantification of risks where identification is simply finding or recognizing a particular risk that could affect the organization in achieving its goals. While in quantification the identified risks are evaluated and a data developed to help in outlining a disaster recovery plan. The battery manufacturing company, Bart Erry Ltd are currently facing a number of risks such as legal suit may be filed against them by the local community because of the chemical effluent which found its way into the river and killed fish. They also face relocation from their current location by the government. They as well face health hazard risk not only to the local community but to the company too because they may also depend on water from the contaminated river for several uses. The company may also face destruction of property by the angry local fishing community whom have been affected because the effluent from the company caused the death of fish that they

The History About Saudi Arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The History About Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example During its earlier stages, Saudi Arabia came up with strategies such as legalizing international scholarships in besides allowing foreign workers into the nation (Denman & Hilal, 2011). It was due to this move that saw the nation rise to become one of the most developed states in the Middle East. The discovery of oil in the nation was one of the main reasons the Saudi Arabia quickly developed economically despite its located in a desert. The essay will relay more information on the history of Saudi Arabia in terms of its kingdom and culture. This is Saudi Arabia’s ruling family whereby studies contend although it comprised of thousands members, the most influential of all was Saudi Arabia’s kings, who were normally descendants of Muhammad bin Saud. Studies show that the House of Saud is the translation of Al Saud, whereby the latter implies â€Å"family of† hence referring to the kingdom’s founder, Muhammad Bin Saud (Saudi Arabia, 2013). To date, the term Al Saud is a common reference carried by any descendant of Muhammad bin Saud or his brothers who are Mishari, Farhan and Thunayyan. The other family branches of Al Saud the reference is â€Å"Cadet Branches† and its members, just like those of Al Saud, hold high positions in the government. The only difference between Al Saud and cadet branches is that whereas the Al Saud’s are in a position to succeed the line of throne, Cadet Branches do not stand a chance (Saudi Arabia, 2013). Al Saud and cadet members have been close to one another to the extent that they intermarry in a move to reestablish their lineage hence continue wielding influence in the government. Studies contend that Mani’ibn Rabiah Al-Muraydi was the first ancestor of Al Saud, he alongside his clan, Mrudah, settled in Diriyah. For decades, the Mrudah ruled al-Diriyah, which rapidly prospered to become an important settlement for the Nadji. Gradually as the clan grew,

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Leaders and Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leaders and Leadership - Assignment Example This involved operation out of a sense of calling and not self drive or willingness. God had called for Jesus to instill righteous views in people. This is also transformational leadership according to Ford (Ford, 1991, p.60). This would compel others to respond. Effective leadership involves transparency with respect to one’s individual life, family and even an institution one belongs. Leaders are inclined to form teams and such teams look for leaders and a leader like Jesus does not need followers. The leadership as modeled by Jesus was that of servant leadership. Jesus’ instructions are based upon a principle â€Å"the one who rules’ should be the like the one who serves† (Ford, 1991, p. 153). Instead of building any organization, Jesus focused on the idea of collecting people with shared vision. He spent efforts on trust building. A leader might face opposition from prominent places. Jesus experienced the same but never distanced his enemies and propagated love and harmony throughout. This showed his humility and integrity. Thus leaders cannot be dictators but should set righteous examples before others. This is unlike Hitler and Stalin who were dictators or extreme leaders without any character attributes to be followed. In fact one may call his leadership timeless and relevant even in modern times because he had all qualities one would expect from a perfect leader who maintains accountability in order to stay within boundaries and provide new direction and inspiration for an organization. Authority should be applied in order to motivate trust from people and make them follow their example (Tucker and Russel, 2004, p.103). Transformation leadership, as conceptualized by Burn involves four categories – â€Å"idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration and inspirational motivation†

What has been Mendel's Contribution to Medicine Essay

What has been Mendel's Contribution to Medicine - Essay Example When these new genes are arranged in the chromosomes, there is possibility that they arrange in an order where two genes with opposing properties (like tall and short) may come to stay near each other, and these are known as alleles. It is being increasingly recognized that all human characters including diseases are determined by genes, and chromosomes are not identical, and they have specific locations for individual genes. Applying the same genetic principles, alleles in a chromosome locus or position may be held responsible since diseases are either expression of genetic reactions in the body or expression of environmental factors like bacteria or toxins on the human cells.Most human genetic disorders are determined by recessive allele. Presence of dominant and recessive alleles was first determined by Gregor Mendel. Normal alleles usually are dominant and mutant alleles, recessive. In this way, the chances of an offspring being affected by a disease can be predicted by the study of the alleles of the parents. This process has lead to the concept of genetic counseling; Medicine owes this to mendelian principles since genetic counseling is totally based upon mendelian genetics and probability rules. The development of this process involves analysis of fetal samples by amniocentesis in a pregnant mother (Audesirk, T. and Audesirk, G, 1996). Alkaptonuria is a genetic disorder where dysmetabolism is noticeable by discoloration of urine when exposed to air, and these children would have died prematurely with brain disorders. The gene therapy for this disease was easily discovered when it was found that this disease is... gene n."The Concise Oxford English Dictionary, Eleventh edition revised . Ed. Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson. Oxford University Press, 2006. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.British Council Delhi.29 April 2007

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

A Correction in Management and Leadership Style Research Paper

A Correction in Management and Leadership Style - Research Paper Example   The overriding external pressure is economic. The company is affected by a local, regional, and the national downturn in the economy. Additionally, winter weather in the northeastern United States paralyzes supply and finished product shipments. Discontinuity along the supply chain may disrupt production. For example, if suppliers fail to deliver, production is delayed.   Discontinuity along the supply chain may disrupt production. For example, if suppliers fail to deliver, production is delayed. If the suppliers produce substandard materials, customers will reject the finished product and the organization's reputation will suffer. The predominant internal factor contributing to recent financial losses is widespread mismanagement of human resources from the administrative level on to line supervision. Employee surveys have indicated that there is a general dissatisfaction with leadership at all three plants. In light of this information, the outlook for the future is good. Various motivation factors need to be considered in the implementation plan. Need theories (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Alderfer's ERG Theory, Herzberg's DualStructure Theory, and David McClelland's Need Theory) assume that need deficiencies cause behavior. Need theories to suggest that to motivate learning, trainers should identify trainees' needs and communicate how training program content relates to fulfilling those needs (Noe, 1999; Moorhead and Griffin, 1995). (Wentland) Technical Supervision: Hire and train the highest quality employees and then trust them to meet high standards.

What has been Mendel's Contribution to Medicine Essay

What has been Mendel's Contribution to Medicine - Essay Example When these new genes are arranged in the chromosomes, there is possibility that they arrange in an order where two genes with opposing properties (like tall and short) may come to stay near each other, and these are known as alleles. It is being increasingly recognized that all human characters including diseases are determined by genes, and chromosomes are not identical, and they have specific locations for individual genes. Applying the same genetic principles, alleles in a chromosome locus or position may be held responsible since diseases are either expression of genetic reactions in the body or expression of environmental factors like bacteria or toxins on the human cells.Most human genetic disorders are determined by recessive allele. Presence of dominant and recessive alleles was first determined by Gregor Mendel. Normal alleles usually are dominant and mutant alleles, recessive. In this way, the chances of an offspring being affected by a disease can be predicted by the study of the alleles of the parents. This process has lead to the concept of genetic counseling; Medicine owes this to mendelian principles since genetic counseling is totally based upon mendelian genetics and probability rules. The development of this process involves analysis of fetal samples by amniocentesis in a pregnant mother (Audesirk, T. and Audesirk, G, 1996). Alkaptonuria is a genetic disorder where dysmetabolism is noticeable by discoloration of urine when exposed to air, and these children would have died prematurely with brain disorders. The gene therapy for this disease was easily discovered when it was found that this disease is... gene n."The Concise Oxford English Dictionary, Eleventh edition revised . Ed. Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson. Oxford University Press, 2006. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.British Council Delhi.29 April 2007

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Pyschlogical Analysis of Zombie Apocalypse Survivors Essay Example for Free

Pyschlogical Analysis of Zombie Apocalypse Survivors Essay The door slams shut as you force your weight against it. Two people whom you have never met before, merely joined during your sprint, grab the largest object in the room and wedge it in front of the door. A second later the fist of the undead outside pound on the door in attempts to get in. â€Å"We have to get out of here! † one of the others screams immediately. But why? It seems that whether it be a decrepit cabin in the woods or a home or a mall; nothing seems to be good enough for the survivors. Step one of a survival plan always seems to start with the word Escape. A casual movie buff may simply see a character’s reaction as an irrational snap decision, however, through a psychological and sociological examination, one can come to better understand of character’s pleas. One cannot assume that the character just wishes to put distance between themselves and their attackers; especially not during a zombie apocalypse. Lets take a look at George A. Romeo’s 2004 Dawn of the Dead for a moment. The mall was well defended, surely had adequate food, and they were completely surrounded. Why attempt an escape to somewhere that was referred to as â€Å"†¦an island that for all we know doesn’t even exist. †? Environmental Psychology The viewer must examine sever different aspect of the scenario that the characters are being put into. The environment itself is a large factor in the equation; also to be considered is the group dynamics and stresses that are arising. Finally, and perhaps more importantly, the risks. All of these factors of the situation in which the characters are placed can alone, or collectively, cause a people in any shelter to decide to leave. Potentially the largest determining element of any long termed survival could be the environmental aspect. Setting aside the obvious insecurities of poor shelters, try to look at the other features someone would like in their dwellings. Imagine several different locations, all equally safe for argument’s sake, an office building, a mall, a school, a prison. Some options aren’t quite as appealing as others. These differences can be seen the best by using environmental psychology to understand what a groups wants within a shelter. Someone can use environmental psychology to study an individual or a group in a social context by looking at the places where people are at and examining the perceptions, attitudes, evaluations and representations, and the accompanying behaviors (Kazdin 421). In almost any movie where the suggestion of getting out is brought up, we can look at some of the characters’ perceptions and attitudes to see that the location has fallen short of being perfect for the survivors. The environment is a relationship between individuals and their life spaces. That means not only should the environment provide us with all that we need to survive but also the spaces in which to appreciate, understand, and act to fulfill higher needs and aspirations (423). This leads to the question then of; if we cannot look at it simply as a space to stay in, then how should we look at it? The answer is that a place is not simple an empty building or space; it is, but also it is an expression of an idea or of a culture. Made to be warm and encourage relaxation, or cold and sterile to promote work and organization (420). An office building is plain, organized, and open. The idea of an office is to have very little distraction away from the work. The coloring is usually white to keep from distracting the eye or drawing attachment by employees. Typically a person enjoys a place with more color and not as structured. A good example of this idea of attachment and welcome is seen in Edgar Wright’s Shaun of the Dead, where they chose to go to a local bar call The Winchester mainly off of the fact that is was a familiar place that they visited frequently. Altman and Chemers (1980) identified three types or levels of territory: Primary territory (e. g. home or private office space), where usually only one or two people are in control of its organization. The area is highly personalized and more easily draws attachment from a person. Secondary territories (e. g. , the classroom or open plan office), These areas are intended for larger groups but control of the area is temporary and personalization is minimal. Public territory (e. g. , the street, parks), where there is no personalization and the area is very open making protection difficult if not impossible (424). Most often primary territories are too constrained to allow for large groups to reside there for long periods. Secondary territories are typically the ones seen being used as in Dawn of the Dead where they use a mall and also in Day of the Dead where they take shelter in a large military base. They exist in a larger area but they also can retreat to a person area where they have customized a private area to their own preferences. A public place, as seen in George A. Romero’s Land of the Dead is one of few cases where such a large area is uses as a refuge. While this landscape did allow for comfortable private area’s for a select, elite few, the majority of the people lived on the streets in discontent and resentment for the others. In this scenario we can clearly see the breakdown of the environmental factors as some survivors mention escaping to Canada (an area believe to be safe from the zombie plague) even though all the citizens at this point were protected. Ideally, territories are controllable spaces that serve to allow for the personalization and regularization of who comes in. This idea, territoriality, then actually provides an actual function in being able to allow people to have a feeling of safety, predictability, order, and stability in their own surroundings (424) In movies where a group of people are kept up in a larger secure area, and they have a private space, we can then look at its own function. Understand what is involved in private space. Personal space is important for not only an individual but also the well being of the community (424). It allows people to escape from each other whenever we need a break from everything. It is our own spot to go and relax for a while as we do some personal work or just even think without having others come by and interrupt us. Not only is this seen as us having a home for ourselves away from others but almost as also having a mental sanctuary. People will use physical or mental barriers in order to keep others from wherever they’re unwanted (424). When only one person or group claims the function of a space, the control is absolute, producing feelings of security. (424) This, is the largest factor in determining whether a group can endure weeks or months at this location; however, as we have seen it is not the only contributing factor. The territory must be able to separated into private spaces for the occupants to maintain their own customization. Further more there must be an area to collect together, to allow fellowship to provide a sense of unity among the members. This is an example of where environmental psychology intertwines with social psychology (422). Sociology What is the advantage of a group as apposed to going it alone? No worries about what other people want, you can travel at your own pace, no arguments to worry about. At first glance going alone seems like the simplest plan for survival. Nevertheless, this is rarely the case in movies. And the answer is not simply because more people increases dialogue and drama. People are social beings today for obvious benefits, but it has been part of a clear survival strategy that mankind has most likely always stuck to (485). There is obvious truth in the phrase â€Å"strength in numbers†. Later on, though, we will see that this physical strength my come at a cost. First, image a person who has just run into several other survivors. The person my be excited to see others, but still skeptical in the back of their mind of the new strangers. If a person believes he or she can complete a task more easily if they are with others as opposed to if they were to go alone, the person will more than likely join or form their own group (Cialdini, 427). At first these people cannot just be considered a group. Given the situation, it can either be spoken amongst them, or simply implied by all running in the same direction. Whatever the means are, these people are making the decision to become a group then by their actions. Groups become more unified though two means, first is the enjoyment of being with the other member in the group (rarely is that so in this situation) and the second option is based off of how committed all the members are to the specific task they are all gathered together to complete (423). The members have come together with the common goal of staying alive and are relying on the others to help increase their odds of staying safe. In spite of this, the ties to one another are still weak. Very little has been established between them, only the understanding that they are all using each other for survival. Now assume that our hypothetical micro society has manages to get to safety in a suitable shelter. Once things begin to calm down then they will begin the normal group activities. If group size increases beyond a dyad or triad, a distinct leader will tent to step forward or be chosen by the members (Borgatta, 1118). Once this leadership role has been established tasks will often be assigned. Everyone is familiar with the basis types of conversation that is used to get to know someone. As we learn about a person’s past we get to know them, building a sense of unity. In small groups or micro societies an individual fuses into the group by having some of their common life and goals added to the group’s (Benokraitis, 130). If this sense of common life is not shared by all then tensions begin to form. This is seen in Danny Boyle’s 28 Days Later when Jim and Selena do not share the same common goals with the soldiers of making the only woman (still alive) have sex with all the men in order to stay there. As a person can see, this scenario is very difficult to manage. In contrast to typical life; where you can look at a group, see if it suits you, and leave if it does not. If the members are thrown together like this, there is no established group norm, making it very easy for one or more members to become unhappy with something going on. This potential for conflict increases with the number of members that enter the group. The ideal number of people is up to five or six people, this allows for easy communication and adaptation (Borgatta 1118). Stress After you have managed to paint your new bedroom, and you have won the Nobel Peace Prize for getting your group in line, you still have to deal with some other stresses. But first let us begin with a quick understanding of stress. No situation is inherently stressful, but rather an individual must see the situation as involving threat, harm, loss, or challenge. (Levins 640) Obviously in a zombie apocalypse someone can expect there to be a large amount of stress surrounding them. When faced with stress a person undergoes a coping process to try and regain control of the situation. Psychological, emotional, or behavior reactions are provoked by any of three distinguished stressors. Cataclysmic events: such as volcano eruptions, floods, earthquakes (zombies apocalypse) etc. Personal life events: illness, family or work issues Background conditions: traffic issues, access to services, noise or crowding. (Kazdin 429) All three of these types of stressors are clearly prevalent, and in fact, almost overwhelming in a zombie apocalypse. Between the dead attacking everyone, all of your loved ones dying, and all of the background conditions like noise and crowding becoming deafening, it is very simple for a person to not be able to handle everything that is going on. Luckily, in some sense, the body is actually prepared to deal with large amounts of stress at one time. While this system is not perfect, it works better than say a computer that would just shut down if overloaded. If there are too many stressors for one individual they deal with an overloaded system by focusing on the task at hand or the ultimate goal that they are trying to achieve. This focus is actually very demanding of an individual and results in fatigue (Kazdin 424). This process can actually be useful in several scenarios to motivate a person in order to complete a task. Still, like everything, a person can still suffer from prolonged exposure to an overload of stress. A person can deal with a great amount of stress, however if these stressors get to be overwhelming or the person is faced with a prolonged period of an overloaded system they could become delusional and even deny the distracting stimuli. If a person is pushed beyond their coping capacity the results could be worsened fatigue (430). This can be very problematic when someone is in such an issue where they cannot go outside. If they are left unattended and become convinced that the zombies are not an issue, they then put everyone at risk if they decided to leave. While someone flat out denying the zombies outside is an extreme case of stress overload, they are many other potential issues that can arise much more easily. Being exposed to stress for too long or repeatedly can result in less tolerance to frustration, shorter attention span, and become less likely to adapt to a situation (Kazdin 429). These three effects are very detrimental to a community that is locked within walls, forced to interact with each other, and with little means to resolve their stresses. While this may not be a group wide condition, these issues caused by stress are still a burden on the group even if only one person is suffering from them. In a group survival scenario being able to adapt to the conditions is key. The inhabitants need to be able to respond properly to any issue that may come about in a territory such as a fire or failing securities. In a similar fashion, it is just as important that frustration does not overwhelm a single person. Frustration is a mood that can easily be transferred from person to person. This is typically the reasoning behind characters having such short tempers and snapping at each other at the climax of movies. This is the point where all their stress is building up to, the point where a group either manages to fix their issues and resolve things, or they collapse and succumb to their fate. Even with all the possible stresses that face a person, the social aspect still comes into play here. If someone’s alternative is to be alone, even without the zombie apocalypse, they’re less likely to leave a group and more willing to put up with stress or even a feeling of hopelessness (Kazdin 448). By this point the members of the previously mentioned micro society have developed some level of bonds varying by the conditions and varying by each member. The members however will still look to the group for support and assistance during struggles with stress. If a member or several members of the group feel like they cannot be helped or that others will not help them they then fall into one of the lowest mental states. Hopelessness eventually sets in after repeated stress and disappointment on a person (Levinson 358) Alas, if a person reaches this point, they are unlikely to attempt to leave the group and go to another location. By this point the most common way a person will leave the group is through suicide. Risk There is one final piece we need to look at in order to fully understand why a person will decide to leave where they are in search of someplace else. This final part of the equation is probably the biggest factor in determining whether people leave a group or simply stay and endure the conditions. This factor is the risk. If motivation explains why the individual takes the risk, what is it that allows the individual to overcome the fear, anxiety, and rational assessment of danger? A 1997 study by Elissa Slanger and Kjell Rudestain identified â€Å"perceived self-efficacy† (a concept named and defined by Albert Bandura) as that element. Perceived self-efficacy is the belief that one can do what is required, that a challenge is within one’s ability. This self assessment may or may not be accurate, because perception of effectiveness is partially independent from actual skill. A complete understanding of risk taking, then, is comprised of two considerations: motivation (be it sensation seeking or sensation seeking in concert with other factors) and whatever it is that allows the isinhibition necessary for a person to overcome the fear and take action. (Borgatta 602) That motivation mentioned above in our case is not sensation seeking, but rather our survivors seeking one of several things. Perhaps to be in a healthier environment; one in which they can act to fulfill higher needs and aspirations. Maybe it is to get away from the current social dynam ics, look for another group with similar common life goals to their’s. Or, it could simply be that stress is building up on some people. They may feel their only escape from stress may be to escape everything and try to start again. Any of these three alone, or combined, could act as the perfect catalyst in someone’s mind. To infect them with the idea as it fester and drives them to ultimately pick up whatever they can grab and head for the door. This may be a solo trip or including the entire group depending on the conditions. Our original survivor, along with a few of his buddies, will prepare themselves at the door. Gun and supplies in hand, one look back at the former home, former group, and former issues reassumes them of their plan as the door opens before them.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Human Genetic Disorder

Human Genetic Disorder HUMAN GENETIC DISORDER Introduction Human Genetic Disorder is a kind of illness which is caused by chromosomes or genes abnormalities. Some disorders like cancer are in part of genetic disorders but they can also be caused by environmental factors. Many disorders are quite rare and they affect one person in a million. There are some types of recessive gene disorders which have an advantage in heterozygous states in some environments. Both genetic and environmental factors play a role in development of any kind of disorder. Human genetic disorder is caused by abnormalities of individuals of genetic materials. There are four types of genetic disorders; single-gene, chromosomal, multifactorial and mitochondrial. Single gene disorder is caused by a single mutated gene. This disorder can be passed on in successive generations in various ways. This disorder is caused mainly by mutation or changes of the DNA sequence in one gene. Multifactorial is caused by a combination of mutation of multiple genes and environmental factors . Chromosomal is caused by abnormalities caused by chromosomes. Mitochondrial is a genetic disorder caused by mutation in the mitochondria nonchromosomal DNA (Driel, et.al, 57). Single-gene is caused by mutation in the DNA. Gene codes for proteins which are the molecules which carry out most of the work does most of functions in life and even make up various cellular structures. After gene mutation for its proteins product not to carry out its usual functions, this leads to disorder. There are many single-gene disorders which occur in one out of 200 births. Examples include sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Marfan syndrome, heredity hemochromatosis and Huntingtons disease. Single-gene disorders are hereditary in identifiable structures. Combination of mutation of multiple genes and environmental factors leads to multifactorial (Bennet, 896). There are various types of genes which influence vulnerability to breast cancer which has been found on different chromosomes. Due to complicated nature of chromosomes, this makes it difficult to analyze chromosomal and single-gene disorders. Most of the common chronic disorders are multifactorial. Examples of this di sorder include Alzheimers, high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, obesity and cancer. Inheritance of multifactorial is associated with genetic characteristics like height, fingerprint, skin color and eye color (Watson, 44). Chromosomal disorder is associated with chromosomes. Chromosomes are distinct structures which make up protein and DNA. Chromosomes which are mainly the carriers of heritable materials like chromosome structures abnormalities as missing leads to disease. The major abnormalities of chromosomal can be detected using microscopic examination. Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome is a common disorder which occurs when one has copies of chromosome 21. Mitochondrial disorder caused by mutation in nonchromosomal mitochondria DNA. Many genes are named after the disorder they are associated with. The normal functioning of gene is encoded with protein and this is not associated with cause of illness. Diseases linked with genetics occur when genes are not in a position to work properly. The hemochromatosis gene really codes for membrane protein after mutation of the gene in a manner which prevents if from encoding a functional and normal protein products (Milunsky, 67). Human genetic disorder is mainly caused by different kind of gene known as variation or modification of gene known as mutation. There are many diseases which are associated with the aspects of genes. Some like cancer are caused by gene mutation. Mutation can occur randomly or due to exposure to the environment like smoke from cigarette. Some of genetic disorders are inherited. Mutated genes are passed down from one generation to another through a family and each child can inherit those genes which causes the disorder. Other genetic disorders are because of problems with different number of packages of genes known as chromosomes like Down syndrome. Human genetic disorders are the main cause of death, disability and human tragedy. It is rare to find in a family which is entirely free from any kind of genetic disorder. Genetic defects are mainly known to cause pregnancy loss in developed countries and several spontaneous miscarriages involve fetus with abnormal chromosomes (McKusick, 15 ). Human genetic disorder is caused by nondisjunction which is the failure of chromosomes to replicate during the Anaphase II. Genes lacking chromosomes are not able to produce an embryo which is viable. Nondisjunction is most often linked with 21st chromosome giving rise to Down syndrome which increases chances of developing Alzheimers disease. Human genetic disorder is caused by abnormal genes groups which are passed down from one generation to another. Spontaneous mutation of genes is caused by error in the replication of DNA resulting in substitution base or insertion or deletion of one or two pair base from the DNA. Other disorder like somatic genetic disease is caused by sudden appearance of abnormal type of gene in one part of the body like cancer. Others like chromosomal abnormality are caused by abnormalities in the structure of chromosomes causing Down syndrome (Green and Waterston, 1968). Human genetic disorder can be diagnosed. Genetic test can be performed to determine whether the person has or doesnt have the disease even as early as during fetus. This testing is known as antenatal testing. Chromosome test can also be performed to diagnose human genetic disorder. Diagnostic of human genetic disorder is conducted for chromosome disorders, congenital malformations, mental retardation, infertility, learning disabilities, miscarriages, metabolic and molecular disorders and paternity. There are available genetic services for all prenatal, pediatric and adult genetic disorders such as Alzheimers, cancer, heart disease and other late disease onsets. Defects of birth lead to death of infants. There are infants who are diagnosed with the main genetic disorders. Genes and DNA performs are arranged on chromosomes. There are no genes which really cause disease. Mutations in the genes caused serious genetic disorder. Gene mutation in chromosomes caused disorder. Not all mutatio ns of genes lead to genetic disorder because some are unexpressed without any noticeable effect to the organism (Baird, et.al, 678). Conclusion Human genetic disorder occurs due to abnormalities of individuals of genetic materials. Human genetic disorders are of different types depending on the causes. There are four types of genetic disorders; single-gene, chromosomal, multifactorial and mitochondrial. Genetic disorders are mainly caused by mutation of genes and DNA. Each type of disorder has different cause. For example chromosomal disorder is caused by mutation of chromosomes. Swap of DNA by chromosomes to form variety of the gene pool can result to disorder leading to exchange of regions. Through abnormalities of genes and chromosomes human genetic disorder occurs. Some disease like cancer is as a result of genetic disorder but they can occur because of environmental factors. Most human genetic disorders are rare and they affect one person in a million. Some recessive gene disorders give advantage to the heterozygous states in some environments. Works Cited Baird Anderson, et.al, â€Å"Genetic Disorders in Children and Young Adults: a Population Study,† American Journal of Human Genetics, Vol. 42, pp. 677-693, 2000 Insert Surname here 6 Bennet Robin, â€Å"Genetic Disorder and the Fetus: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment,† The American Journal of Human Genetics, Vol. 77, No. 5, 2005, pp. 896-897 Driel Marc, et.al, â€Å"A New Web-based Data Mining Tool for Identification of Candidate Genes for Human Genetic Disorder,† European Journal of Human Genetic, Vol. 11, 2003, pp.57-63 Green Ernest and Waterston Roy, â€Å"The Human Genome Project: Prospects and Implications for Clinical Medicine,† Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 266, 1999, pp. 1966- 1975 McKusick Charles, History of Medical Genetics, in Emery and Rimoins Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics, Churchill Livingstone, Inc.: New York, 1996, p. 1-30 Milunsky Aubrey, Genetic Disorders and the Fetus: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment, (5th Ed), JHU Press, 2005 Watson Jean, â€Å"The Human Genome Project: Past, Present, and Future,† Science, Vol. 248, 1990, pp. 44-49

Sunday, October 13, 2019

The Rise Of A Nation: United States Becomes The Number One Super Power

The United States experienced many different world events that helped propel it to becoming the world’s super power. From the Monroe Doctrine which would help the United States isolate itself from the Colonialism of the European nations and set itself as the super power of the America’s, to the Spanish American War which ended Spanish rule in the America’s as well as helped the United States acquire its own territories, to the first and second World Wars which ultimately bankrupted all of Europe, to the rise and fall of Communism and the ending of the Cold War. So why were these events so important to the rise of the United States? As the Spanish began losing its territories to independence in Central and South America, the United States adopted the Monroe Doctrine to help isolate these American countries from outside European nations so it could become the dominant nation in the America’s. The Monroe doctrine helped the United States set up puppet nations in Central and South America who were loyal to United States business and political interest. From the Monroe Doctrine many Central American and Southern American countries gained their independence from Spanish rule; the doctrine stated that any European nation that tried to force its rule upon the rebelling central and southern American nations would also have to face United States intervention. The United States was able to keep these new nations from really prospering while exploiting their natural resources for American business. Take for example the Panama Canal; put in place by the American government and funded by American business. It hel ped fuel the American economy; as well as showed the United States military might, and made it clear that the Monroe Doctrin... ...super power in the world. Throughout the United States history it had to struggle to be taken seriously as a country, however, in its short time as a developing nation it was able to become the most powerful and prosperous nation in the Americas and later through European and Asian events become the most powerful and prosperous nation in the world. The Spanish American War, WWI and WWII and the fall of communism are the most significant events that helped the United States become the super power it is today. Because of the United States location on the globe it was able to stay out of the heavy bombing European and Asian countries had experienced. Without these war torn cities the United States prospered by helping rebuild European nations, which propelled the United States into economic prosperity. These events marked the United States into super power status.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Advertising, Food and Children :: Expository Exemplification Essays

Advertising, Food and Children "Peanut, peanut butter and jelly." Advertising has an impact on its audience. From songs to logos to characters, food product advertisers must keep in mind their audiences. Competition is the force which causes advertisers to target children. Children are targeted through the use of cute phrases, animated characters, and toys in these competitive advertisements. Many types of food have a phrase associated with them. Commercials use these phrases to implant their product into the audiences memory. Goldfish crackers are an example of one these products. "I love the fishes `cause their so delicious..." This is the theme to a well known commercial which advertises Pepperigde Farm goldfish crackers. Children sing the phrase over and over throughout the entirety of the commercial. By the time the commercial ends the line and product are inevitably stuck in a persons mind. The commercial says "... and my mom says that's okay", which implies to children that their parents will allow them to eat this snack. Another example of a product with an addicting phrase is Oscar Meyer bologna. "My bologna has a first name its O-S-C-A-R..." Instead of this song selling the product itself, its aim is to sell the brand. The Oscar Meyer company has had auditions for the next Oscar Meyer child. Again, their goal is to sell their brand. The company also has another product with a catchy song, Oscar Meyer hot dogs. "I wish I were an Oscar Meyer wiener..." The stress of this phrase is also the brand. Oscar Meyer commercials use children to sing these songs and like the goldfish commercial, the song has been imprinted into a persons memory be the end of the commercial. Both companies goal is to sell their product. By targeting children, whole families are then targeted. Competition between companies with similar products, is the reason phrases are used. If one company can create a phrase that everyone will know and remember, they are one step closer to winning the race. Animated characters are also a medium used to target children. Animation has been the way which companies from Disney to Cartoon Network, capture the attention of children everywhere. Tony the Tiger is the spokesperson for Kellogg's frosted flakes.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Multiple Chioce Quiz on Transfer Pricing

Multiple choice questions Try the multiple choice questions below to test your knowledge of Chapter 18. Once you have completed the test, click on ‘Submit Answers for Grading' to get your results. If your lecturer has requested that you send your results to them, please complete the Routing Information found at the bottom of your graded page and click on the ‘E-Mail Results' button. Please  do not  forward your results unless your lecturer has specifically requested that you do so. This activity contains 10 questions. ————————————————- Top of Form | | | | |When a perfectly competitive market exists and the firm uses market-based transfer pricing, the firm can achieve all of the following except for:| | | |   Ã‚  | subunit performance evaluation. | | management effort. | | goal congruence. | | price monopoly. | | | | | | | | | | | | Bob is the manager of th e Beta division. He is accountable for only the sales generated by the division. Beta is a(n):| | | |   Ã‚  | cost centre. | | profit centre. | | investment centre. | | revenue centre. | | | | | | | | | | | | A company that uses a separate transfer price for each division in a single transaction is employing:| | |   Ã‚  | dual pricing. | | market-based pricing. | | negotiated pricing. | | full cost pricing. | | | | | | | | | | | | If the selling subunit is operating at full capacity and can sell everything produced either internally or externally, it will only be willing to use a transfer price set by:| | | |   Ã‚  | cost plus a mark-up. | | the market. | | negotiation. | | variable costing. | | | | | | | | | | | | Optoca has 2 divisions, A and B. A makes a component for tables which it can sell only to Division B. It has no other outlet for sales.Current information for the divisions is as follows: Incremental cost for Division A| â‚ ¬100| Incremental cost for Division B| â‚ ¬200| Transfer price for component| â‚ ¬175| Final Table selling price| â‚ ¬425| The transfer price is based on 175% of incremental costs. What is the profit per table for Optoca? | | | |   Ã‚  | â‚ ¬50| | â‚ ¬75| | â‚ ¬150| | â‚ ¬125| | | | | | | | | | | | Optoca has 2 divisions, A and B. A makes a component for tables which it can sell only to Division B. It has no other outlet for sales. Current information for the divisions is as follows: Incremental cost for Division A| â‚ ¬100| Incremental cost for Division B| â‚ ¬200|Transfer price for component| â‚ ¬175| Final Table selling price| â‚ ¬425| Unit sales| 300| The transfer price is based on 175% of incremental costs. What is the amount of profit recognized by Division B? | | | |   Ã‚  | â‚ ¬15,000| | â‚ ¬45,000| | â‚ ¬22,500| | â‚ ¬37,500| | | | | | | | | | | | Optoca has 2 divisions, A and B. A makes a component for tables which it can sell only to Division B. It has no other outlet for sales. Current information for the divisions is as follows: Incremental cost for Division A| â‚ ¬100| Incremental cost for Division B| â‚ ¬200| Transfer price for component| â‚ ¬175|Final Table selling price| â‚ ¬425| The transfer price is based on 175% of incremental costs. Acotpo has offered to sell Division B the same component it currently gets from Division A for â‚ ¬150 per unit. If Division B accepts Acotpo’s offer, the firm as a whole will be:| | | |   Ã‚  | â‚ ¬25 per unit worse off. | | â‚ ¬25 per unit better off. | | â‚ ¬50 per unit better off. | | â‚ ¬50 per unit worse off. | | | | | | | | | | | | Optoca has 2 divisions, A and B. A makes a component for tables which it can sell only to Division B. It has no other outlet for sales.Current information for the divisions is as follows: Incremental cost for Division A| â‚ ¬100| Incremental cost for Division B| â‚ ¬200| Transfer price for component| â‚ ¬175| Final Table s elling price| â‚ ¬425| The transfer price is based on 175% of incremental costs. Acotpo has offered to sell Division B the same component it currently gets from Division A for â‚ ¬150 per unit. Given this information, what is the minimum amount that Division A would be willing to sell to Division B? | | | |   Ã‚  | â‚ ¬100 per unit. | | â‚ ¬150 per unit. | | â‚ ¬125 per unit. | | â‚ ¬175 per unit. | | | | | | | | | | | If Minnico, which uses cost based transfer pricing, finds that Division A has costs of â‚ ¬100 per unit, and Division B has divisional costs of â‚ ¬125 per unit, what will Division B recognise as total cost per unit if the mark-up rate is 40%? | | | |   Ã‚  | â‚ ¬100 per unit. | | â‚ ¬265 per unit. | | â‚ ¬225 per unit. | | â‚ ¬140 per unit. | | | | | | | | | | | | Which transfer pricing method will preserve the subunit autonomy? | | | |   Ã‚  | Cost-based pricing. | | Negotiated pricing. | | Full-cost pricing. | | Variable-co st pricing. | | | | | | | Bottom of Form

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Democracy as a Form of Government

In today’s time, the call for freedom and democracy echoes all around the world. Democracy simply means freedom for the people staying in a country. A democratic government simply is a government â€Å"of the people, by the people and for the people. † A government which is elected by the citizens of the country, which is been elected of the people and elected for the betterment of the citizens residing in the country, is a democratic government. Democracy is a very popular type of a government that features free elections, periodically. Democracy is a form of government in which the government is elected completely by the people under a free electoral system. In today’s world, democracy is the best form as a government. Democracy simply means freedom; in a democratic government a citizen has freedom to elect a representative (vote), freedom of speech, freedom of rights, and many more. In a democratic government all the citizens have equal access to power. Democracy is also called â€Å"the last form of government. There are two types of democracy; direct democracy and representative democracy. Direct democracy is a pure democracy. Direct democracy is where there is direct participation of the people. Everyone would gather in town meetings and vote on issues concerning the town. Representative democracy, as the name states, is a system in which the people select others to act in their places. For national purposes, America has two representatives from each state. Liberal democracy exists in the United States of America and also in most parts of the world. The term â€Å"liberal† in â€Å"liberal democracy† does not imply that the government of such a democracy must follow the ideology of liberalism. It is merely a reference to the fact that liberal democracies feature constitutional protections of individual rights from the government. The best and the latest example of an evidence of democracy in America is the election of the new president Mr. Barrack Obama. History has been created as for the first time a non-white president has been elected. This is the biggest and the best example of democracy in the United States of America.